Occurrence, Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Topsoil of School Playgrounds at Delta State

Onyekachi Onyekwere, A Elebo, C.D Bando, S.O OTTAH, A.J TUTUWA, G.C Anigbo, D Ifraimu

Abstract


The present study was conducted to evaluate the possible occurrence and toxicological health risk impacts of heavy metals on topsoil in ten selected school playgrounds located in Delta State. The results of the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy analysis revealed the concentrations of the heavy metals present in various schools in the decreasing trend as follows; Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd>Hg>As. Multivariate pollution indices were further deployed to ascertain the degree of contamination, sources, accumulation and health impacts of the metals. The result of the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) recorded values lesser than 1 in all the sites, which suggests an acceptable standard value. On the other hand, the results of the contamination factor and pollution load index had higher values when compared with the baseline, indicating higher levels of site contamination. The enrichment factors of all the metals were greater than 1 except Hg which indicates that the pollutants were mainly of anthropogenic sources. The levels of average daily oral intake of the metals were slightly above their respective oral reference doses. However, the non-cancer hazard quotient and total hazard index indicated that no significant health risks is posed from the current levels of the metal deposits on the topsoil as the values were still below 1, which is an acceptable standard.


Keywords


Heavy Metals, Health Risks, Soil, Contamination, Geoaccumulation Index, Pollution Load Index.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v29.2.3801

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